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Payment velocity picks up in prime and non-QM
admin | October 30, 2020
This document is intended for institutional investors and is not subject to all of the independence and disclosure standards applicable to debt research reports prepared for retail investors. This material does not constitute research.
As the mortgage credit markets move further away from the early stages of the pandemic and the associated deterioration in borrower performance, investors are looking for initial signs that borrowers exiting forbearance plans have resumed making payments. And while there are signs of improving borrower performance across all sectors, post-crisis prime and non-QM borrowers appear to be recovering faster than others.
Given the unprecedented impact of the pandemic on borrowers, the market does not have a firm grasp on how they will perform over the next several months as forbearance plans end. Broad-based, robust housing fundamentals coupled with significant amounts of borrower equity suggest the majority of borrowers will begin to re-perform in the coming months, and early signs of that have already begun to appear in the post-crisis prime and non-QM sectors of the market,
Tracking transition rates across mortgage credit
One useful metric of borrower performance is month-over-month change in delinquency status across loans. This becomes a bit of an imperfect measure given the inconsistencies in how servicers are accounting for loans in forbearance across different sectors of mortgage credit, but it should provide a reasonable guide to areas of the market that may be faring better than others. Looking at loans that were at least 90-days past due in the September remittance and comparing the same population of loans to their October status shows that the overwhelming majority across all sectors of the market are still seriously delinquent, likely a function of extended forbearance plans. However, two areas of the market, the prime and non-QM sectors exhibited a reasonable uptick in month-over-month payment velocity measured as the loan rolling back to current, an earlier stage of delinquency or prepaying in October. (Exhibit 1)
Exhibit 1: Payment velocity improves in prime & non-QM
Source: Amherst Insight Labs, Amherst Pierpont
Digging in on the prime jumbo sector
Looking at shelf level performance across the prime 2.0 sector, the GSMBS and WFMBS shelves exhibited the strongest payment velocity. Over one third of loans that were more than 90-days past due in September were current in October while nearly a quarter of loans in the WFMBS shelf transitioned from seriously delinquent to current over the payment cycle. These outsized improvements in payment velocity compared to other shelves could be driven by one of two factors. The obvious one being that the borrower exited a short-term forbearance plan, repaid all arrearages and is now current pay. Alternatively, the roll to current could be the result of the servicer performing a capitalization modification by appending the arrearages to the borrowers’ loan balance. A further analysis of servicer behavior across these shelves suggests that the observed payment velocity is actually a function of the former rather than the latter. The WFMBS shelf saw no capitalization modifications in the July remittance while the GSMBS shelf saw just 20 bp of capitalization modifications which appear to be associated with newly delinquent loans. (Exhibit 2)
Exhibit 2: GSMBS & WFMBS shelves exhibit strong payment velocity in October
Source: Amherst Insight Labs, Amherst Pierpont
Rolling down to the deal level, it appears the greatest populations of loans rolling from delinquent to current were in WFMBS 2019-4 where nearly half the serious delinquencies transitioned back to current in October. Roughly one quarter of loans in WFMBS 2018-1 rolled to current in October. The GSMBS 2020-PJ2 trust saw all loans greater than 90-days delinquent cure in October. Other trusts exhibited strong increases in payment velocity relative to their broader trust levels, JPMMT 2018-2, the issuer’s first 100% conforming balance transaction, saw roughly 30% of loans that were seriously delinquent fully re-perform in October.
Digging in on the non-QM sector
Non-QM collateral exhibited the most sizable recovery in payment velocity across all sectors of mortgage credit in October with almost 20% of loans in late stage delinquency exhibiting some form of payment velocity in October. Admittedly, loans rolling back to current were by and large not as pronounced among non-QM borrowers than evident in the prime sector. With that said, overall decreases in late stage delinquencies after accounting for both prepayments and loans rolling back to a less delinquent state were higher in non-QM than in prime collateral with the ARRW, BHLD and NRZT shelves showing the most pronounced improvements in collateral performance. (Exhibit 3)
Exhibit 3: A look at late stage delinquencies curing across non-QM
Source: Amherst Insight Labs, Amherst Pierpont
Increased payment velocity in WAMCO’s ARRW shelf was largely driven by nearly a quarter of borrowers that were previously 90 days or more past due catching up on a single payment. Improved performance across Oaktree’s BHLD shelf was much more broad-based, fueled in part by nearly 5% of previously seriously delinquent loans prepaying in the October cycle. New Residential’s NRZT shelf saw nearly 20% of previously seriously delinquent loans roll to current in October. These loans appear to be self-curing rather than a result of capitalization modifications as those modification rates across the shelf have fallen from 87% of delinquent loans in June to roughly 5% of delinquencies in October.
An analysis of select non-QM collateral and underwriting characteristics shows that non-QM investor loans exhibited better payment velocity in October than owner occupied loans. Nearly 15% of previously seriously delinquent investor loans cured in October while the rate for owner occupied loans was roughly half that. The improvement in payment velocity appears to be fueled in no small part by the performance of loans underwritten to properties’ DSCR as those cure rates were roughly in-line with those of the broader investor cohort. While payment velocity was modestly better on loans underwritten using asset depletion than broader performance of owner occupied loans. (Exhibit 4)
Exhibit 4: Evaluating payment velocity across select non-QM cohorts
Source: Amherst Insight Labs, Amherst Pierpont
Given overall uncertainty with regards to the impact of the pandemic on borrower performance, continued monitoring of these trends should remain on the forefront in evaluating performance across different sectors of mortgage credit. The early signs suggest that improved underwriting and greater amounts of paid-in equity at origination are driving a faster and stronger and faster recovery in post-crisis borrowers relative to pre-crisis ones.
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